Insecticide Resistance Profile and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Anopheles Mosquitoes from Three Different Breeding Habitats in Sudan Savannah Region of Jigawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Malaria is a disease of global public health concern. The disease has its highest global burden and mortality in Africa while Nigeria has up to 25% of global malaria burden. Prevention is achievable through targeting mosquito vectors with insecticides. A primary concern in the global malaria control is resistance to insecticides which affects vector control interventions. It is therefore significant to know mosquitoes’ insecticide resistance profile. This study is aimed at determining insecticide resistance profile and enzyme activities of Anopheles mosquitoes from three different breeding habitats. Larval samples were collected during rainy season (August, September and October, 2019) from Hadejia and Dutse towns of Jigawa State. Larvae were reared to adults in the insectary and morphologically identified. WHO insecticide bioassay was conducted using permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, bendiocarb 0.1%, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 4%. About 100 samples (20 – 25 per test per four replicates) were used for each tested insecticide. Results showed preponderance of An. gambiae complex in the three study sites. High resistant levels according to WHO protocol with mortality less than 90% were recorded for all the tested insecticides, suggesting resistances in the Anopheles mosquitoes. Highest monooxygenase, glutathione-s-transferases and esterases activities were recorded in agricultural site compared to other sites. These findings can be attributed to differences in activities that occur in the study areas. Findings of this study can serve as threat to vector control measures in the study sites.
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