Anti-plasmodial Activity of Aqueous Extract of Bridelia ferruginea (Benth) Stem Bark in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice
Abstract
Aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark was investigated for its antimalarial activity using Rane test established infection; the phytochemical constituents were also determined. Thirty five albino mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection of standard inoculum of 1x 107 choloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei (NK-65). The animals were randomly divided into 7 of 5 mice each. Groups (B1 to B5) were administered orally with 0.5ml of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight respectively of the extract. Group C were given 0.5ml of 5mg/kg body weight of chloroquine and Group D which served as the control group were infected with parasite but not treated. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, saponins, anthraquinones and tannins. There was 100% parasite clearance in the group that received choloroquine, 98.60% parasite clearance in the group that received 800 mg/kg body weight of extract and 99.07% in the animals that received 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract. The 100% total clearance of parasitaemia demonstrated by the 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract over the 28 days of observation compared favourably with that of the reference drug, chloroquine. The study thus concludes that aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark has antiplasmodial activity and can be explored in the management of Plasmodium berghei infected animals.
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