Normoglycaemic Action of Ficus exasperata (Vahl.) Leaf-based Diet on Fructose and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has continued to increase globally. This has imposed considerable burdens on patients, families and society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normoglycaemic potential of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet (FELD) on fructose and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly selected into 8 groups designated A - H and treated as follows: A (non-diabetic), B (diabetic) and C (diabetic and metformin [12.14 mg/kg b.wt.]), while D – H were diabetic rats administered FELD containing the plant to the tune of 100 (10 %), 200 (20 %), 300 (30 %), 400 (40 %) and 500 g/kg (50 %) respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hepatic glucose, glycogen and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and β score (HOMA IR and β score) and hexokinase activity were analysed. Secondary metabolite constituent and proximate analyses revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolics, magnesium, zinc, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, fat and moisture. Consumption of 30, 40 and 50 % FELD for 16 days reduced FBG, hepatic glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations and HOMA IR significantly (p<0.05) in groups D to H when compared with diabetic animals, whereas their hepatic glycogen concentration, HOMA β score and hexokinase activity increased significantly (p<0.05). In conclusion, 30 % FELD elicited normoglycaemic effect and as such Ficus exasperate leaf can be incorporated into feed for the management of hyperglyeamia at this dose.
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