Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Laggera aurita (L.) Native to North-central Nigeria
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases in humans. The stress is curtailed using synthetic antioxidants whose usage is linked to several side effects. Essential oils have been reported to possess antioxidant activity devoid of any side effect. Their activity is a function of the type of phytochemicals in the oils. The aim of this study is therefore to characterize and evaluate antioxidant activity of essential oil from the leaves of Laggera aurita growing in north-central Nigeria. Leaves (500g) of L. aurita were pulverized and subjected to hydrodistillation. The antioxidant activity of the oil was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay with ascorbic acid as standard. The hydrodistillation yielded 0.07±0.02% (w/w) of essential oil. GC and GC-MS analysis of the oil show the presence of twenty-three phytochemicals that have β-caryophyllene (27.8%) as the most abundant compound. Other principal constituents of the oil were; β-sesquiphellandrene (12.4%), β-bisabolol (3.4), α-bisabolol (4.4%), α-copaene (9.4%) and calamenene (8.3%). Terpinen-4-ol (2.4%) and α-terpineol (5.7%) were the two monoterpenoids that constituted the oil. The oil scavenged DPPH radical with IC50 of 57.13 μl/ml. The activity of the oil was lower than that of ascorbic acid (IC50= 12.84 μl/ml). However, with the activity exhibited by the oil, it has potential to ameliorate oxidative stress, hence, may serve as alternative to synthetic antioxidants after clinical trials.
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