Iodoacetamide, A Disinfection By-Product, Induces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats: Ameliorative Role of Cyperus Esculentus
Keywords:
Iodoacetamide, Cyperus esculentus, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, HepatotoxicityAbstract
Iodoacetamide (IAA), an emerging nitrogenous disinfection by-product (N- DBPs) formed during water treatment, poses an emerging concern due to its potential toxicity. Cyperus esculentus (CE) possesses antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, this study investigated the protective effect of CE on IAA-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty-five healthy rats (180 - 190 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7): control, IAA only (0.1% IAA), CE only (1.0 ml/100g), IAA + CE (0.5 ml/100g), and IAA + CE (1.0 ml/100g). Following a 14-day administration period, hepatocellular integrity and liver function were assessed. IAA exposure significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) indicating hepatocellular damage. It also reduced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Co-administration of CE significantly reversed these changes, improving liver enzyme profiles, restoring antioxidant enzyme activity, and reducing MDA levels. Moreover, CE also attenuated hepatic inflammation induced by IAA. Histological evaluation showed that CE mitigated IAA-induced necrosis, congestion, vacuolar degeneration, and other structural alterations in hepatocytes. CE ameliorates IAA-induced hepatotoxicity via mechanisms involving the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Folake O. Asejeje, Adenike A. Adewale, Michael A. Abiola, Samuel T. Adeseko, Babajide O. Ajayi (Author)
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